See also Hamiltonian systems in contact geometry.
(From C. Rovelli "Forget time")
Denote as a curve in the phase space (observables and momenta) and its restriction to (observables alone, configuration manifold). The Hamiltonian determines the physical motions via the following variational principle:
A curve connecting the events and is a physical motion if extremizes the action
in the class of the curves satisfying whose restriction to connects and . The action is the integration of the tautological 1-form along the curve !!!
I think that this can be formulated without the clause "in the class of the curves satisfying " by means of contact geometry. I think we must consider this setup and define the total action
All known physical (relativistic and nonrelativistic) Hamiltonian systems can be formulated in this manner.
See relativistic Hamiltonian mechanics.
This is equivalent to the variational principle ofLagrangian Mechanics. The Hamiltonian is given by:
so the constraint becomes .
Therefore,
and substituting from the Hamiltonian constraint:
Thus, the action in the Hamiltonian formalism reduces to the action in the Lagrangian formalism: