Canonical form of a regular vector field

Also called the "flow box coordinates theorem".
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See @lee2013smooth.

It is generalized to the canonical form of commuting vector fields.

It can be expressed in term of first integrals, also:

Given the open set URn, XX(U) and x0U such that X(x0)0, we can find an open subset x0VU such that the system

x˙=X(x)

admits n1 first integrals which are functionally independent and such that any other first integral depends functionally on them. (Proof [Arnold 1991]).

This n1 first integrals Wi define a curve in VRn that is precisely a solution curve γ(t). Moreover, the n1 first integrals together with the first coordinate function let us define a coordinate change

ϕ:(x1,,xn)(x1,W1,,Wn1)

so that the vector field X is rectificated. Because of this this result is also called rectification lemma for vector fields.
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